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What Word Did Tarzan Say To The Animals

Fictional character from Edgar Rice Burroughs's Tarzan of the Apes

Fictional grapheme

Tarzan
Tarzan All Story.jpg

Tarzan's first appearance, in the Oct 1912 issue of The All-Story

First appearance Tarzan of the Apes
Last advent Tarzan: The Lost Run a risk
Created by Edgar Rice Burroughs
Portrayed past See moving-picture show and other nonprint media article section
In-universe data
Alias John Clayton II[1]
Species Homo
Gender Male
Championship Viscount Greystoke[ii]
Earl of Greystoke[3]
Chieftain of the Waziri
Occupation Adventurer
Hunter
Trapper
Fisherman
Spouse Jane Porter (wife)
Children Korak (son)
Relatives John Clayton † (father)
Alice Clayton † (mother)
William Cecil Clayton † (cousin)
Meriem (daughter-in-constabulary)
Jackie Clayton (grandson)
Abilities
  • Enhanced forcefulness, speed, endurance, agility, durability, reflexes, and senses
  • Able to communicate with animals
  • Skilled hunter and fighter

Illustration by James Allen St. John for Tarzan and the Golden Lion

Tarzan (John Clayton Ii, Viscount Greystoke) is a fictional graphic symbol, an archetypal feral kid raised in the African jungle by the Mangani peachy apes; he afterward experiences culture, only to reject it and return to the wild equally a heroic charlatan. The character has been variously depicted as articulate and sophisticated as in the original novels, and equally a noble savage with limited language skills such every bit in the films featuring Johnny Weissmuller.

Created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan commencement appeared in the novel Tarzan of the Apes (mag publication 1912, book publication 1914), and later in 23 sequels, several books past Burroughs and other authors, and innumerable works in other media, both authorized and unauthorized.

Grapheme biography [edit]

Tarzan is the son of a British lord and lady who were marooned on the declension of Angola past mutineers. When Tarzan was an infant, his mother died, and his father was killed by Kerchak, leader of the ape tribe by whom Tarzan was adopted.

Shortly after his parents' death, Tarzan became a feral child, and his tribe of apes is known as the Mangani, peachy apes of a species unknown to science. Kala is his ape mother. Burroughs added stories occurring during Tarzan's boyhood in his sixth Tarzan book, Jungle Tales of Tarzan.

Jane [edit]

As an 18-year-old, Tarzan meets a immature American woman named Jane Porter. She and her father and others of their political party are marooned on the same coastal jungle area where Tarzan's human parents were 20 years earlier. When Jane returns to the United States, Tarzan leaves the jungle in search of her, his ane true honey. In The Return of Tarzan, Tarzan and Jane marry. In after books, he lives with her for a fourth dimension in England. They have one son, Jack, who takes the ape name Korak (the Killer). Tarzan is cynical of what he sees every bit the hypocrisy of civilization, so Jane and he return to Africa, making their dwelling on an extensive manor that becomes a base of operations for Tarzan's later adventures.

As revealed in Tarzan's Quest, Tarzan, Jane, Tarzan's monkey friend Nkima, and their allies gained some of the Kavuru'south pills that grant immortality to their consumer.

Name [edit]

Tarzan in a display at an Ankara amusement park

"Tarzan" is the ape-name of John Clayton, Viscount Greystoke, according to Burroughs' Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle. (Afterwards, less canonical sources, notably the 1984 movie Greystoke, make him Earl of Greystoke.) The narrator in Tarzan of the Apes describes both "Clayton" and "Greystoke" as fictitious names, implying that, inside the fictional world that Tarzan inhabits, he may take a different real name.

Burroughs considered other names for the graphic symbol, including "Zantar" and "Tublat Zan", before he settled on "Tarzan".[iv] Though the copyright on Tarzan of the Apes has expired in the The states and in other countries, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. claims the name "Tarzan" every bit a trademark.

Physical abilities [edit]

Tarzan holding a tiger corpse above his head

Tarzan's jungle upbringing gives him abilities far beyond those of ordinary humans. These include climbing, clinging, and leaping every bit well as whatever neat ape. He uses branches, swings from vines to travel at great speed, and can use his feet like hands (he prefers going barefoot because he relies on the flexibility of bare feet), a skill acquired among the anthropoid apes.

His strength, speed, stamina, agility, reflexes, and pond skills are boggling; he has wrestled not merely full-grown apes, but also gorillas, lions, rhinos, crocodiles, pythons, leopards, sharks, tigers, giant seahorses, and even dinosaurs (when he visited Pellucidar). Tarzan is a skilled tracker, and uses his exceptional hearing and groovy sense of smell to follow prey or avert predators.

Language and literacy [edit]

Every bit originally depicted, Tarzan/John Clayton is very intelligent and articulate, and does not speak in broken English language equally the classic movies of the 1930s depict him. He can communicate with many species of jungle animals, and has been shown to exist a skilled impressionist, able to mimic the sound of a gunshot perfectly.

Tarzan is literate in English before he first encountered other English-speaking people. His literacy is self-taught later on several years in his early teens past visiting the log motel of his infancy and looking at children's primer/motion-picture show books. He eventually reads every book in his father's portable book collection, and is fully aware of geography, basic world history, and his family unit tree. He is "found" past traveling Frenchman Paul d'Arnot, who teaches him the nuts of man speech and returns with him to culture. When Tarzan first encounters d'Arnot, he tells him (in writing): "I speak simply the language of my tribe—the great apes who were Kerchak's; and a little of the languages of Tantor, the elephant, and Numa, the lion, and of the other folks of the jungle I sympathize."

Tarzan can learn a new linguistic communication in days, ultimately speaking many languages, including that of the great apes, French, Finnish, English, Dutch, German, Swahili, many other Bantu languages, Standard arabic, Ancient Greek, Ancient Latin, and Mayan, as well every bit the languages of the Ant Men and of Pellucidar.

Literature [edit]

Dust-jacket analogy of Tarzan of the Apes first edition

Tarzan has been chosen one of the all-time-known literary characters in the world.[five] In addition to more than two dozen books by Burroughs and a handful more by authors with the blessing of Burroughs' estate, the character has appeared in films, radio, television, comic strips, and comic books. Numerous parodies and pirated works have also appeared.

Critical reception [edit]

While Tarzan of the Apes met with some critical success, subsequent books in the series received a cooler reception and have been criticized for being derivative and formulaic. The characters are often said to be two-dimensional, the dialogue wooden, and the storytelling devices (such equally excessive reliance on coincidence) strain credulity. According to Rudyard Kipling (who himself wrote stories of a feral kid, The Jungle Book 'south Mowgli), Burroughs wrote Tarzan of the Apes merely so he could "notice out how bad a book he could write and go away with it."[six]

While Burroughs was not a polished novelist, he was a vivid storyteller. Near of his novels are still in print.[7] In 1963, author Gore Vidal wrote a slice on the Tarzan series that, while pointing out several of the deficiencies that the Tarzan books accept every bit works of literature, praises Burroughs for creating a compelling "daydream figure."[eight] Critical reception grew more positive with the 1981 study by Erling B. Holtsmark, Tarzan and Tradition: Classical Myth in Popular Literature.[9] Holtsmark added a volume on Burroughs for Twayne's United states Author Series in 1986.[10] In 2010, Stan Galloway provided a sustained study of the adolescent period of the fictional Tarzan's life in The Teenage Tarzan.[11]

Despite critical panning, the Tarzan stories have remained popular. Burroughs' melodramatic situations and the elaborate details he works into his fictional world, such every bit his construction of a partial language for his great apes, appeal to a worldwide fan base.[12]

[edit]

Later on Burroughs' death, a number of writers produced new Tarzan stories. In some instances, the estate managed to prevent publication of such works. The virtually notable example in the United States was a series of five novels by the pseudonymous "Barton Werper" that appeared 1964–65 past Aureate Star Books (part of Charlton Comics). As a consequence of legal action by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc., they were taken off the market.[13] Similar serial appeared in other countries, notably Argentine republic, Israel, and some Arab countries.

Modern fiction [edit]

In 1972, science-fiction author Philip José Farmer wrote Tarzan Live, a biography of Tarzan using the frame device that he was a real person. In Farmer's fictional universe, Tarzan, along with Doc Vicious and Sherlock Holmes, are the cornerstones of the Wold Newton family. Farmer wrote 2 novels, Hadon of Ancient Opar and Flight to Opar, set up in the distant past and giving further noesis of the antecedents of the lost city of Opar, which plays an important role in the Tarzan books. In add-on, Farmer's A Feast Unknown, and its two sequels Lord of the Copse and The Mad Goblin, are pastiches of the Tarzan and Doc Savage stories, with the premise that they tell the story of the existent characters upon which the fictional characters are based. A Feast Unknown is somewhat infamous among Tarzan and Doc Barbarous fans for its graphic violence and sexual content.[ commendation needed ]

Themes of gender and race [edit]

In her Manliness and Culture, Gail Bederman describes how various people of the time either challenged or upheld the idea that "civilization" is predicated on white masculinity. She closes with a chapter on Tarzan of the Apes (1912) considering the story's protagonist is, according to her, the ultimate male past the standards of 1912 White Americans. Bederman does note that Tarzan, "an instinctively chivalrous Anglo-Saxon," does not engage in sexual violence, renouncing his "masculine impulse to rape." However, she also notes that not only does Tarzan kill blackness man Kulonga in revenge for killing his ape female parent (a stand-in for his biological White mother) by hanging him, "lyncher Tarzan" actually enjoys killing black people, for example the cannibalistic Mbongans.

Bederman, in fact, reminds readers that when Tarzan kickoff introduces himself to Jane, he does and so as "Tarzan, the killer of beasts and many black men". The novel climaxes with Tarzan saving Jane (who in the original novel is not British, but a White woman from Baltimore, Maryland) from a black ape rapist. When he leaves the jungle and sees "civilized" Africans farming, his first instinct is to kill them just for existence Black. "Like the lynch victims reported in the Northern press, Tarzan's victims—cowards, cannibals, and despoilers of white womanhood—lack all manhood. Tarzan's lynchings thus bear witness him the superior homo."

According to Bederman, despite embodying all the tropes of white supremacy espoused or rejected by the people she had reviewed (Theodore Roosevelt, 1000. Stanley Hall, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Ida B. Wells), Burroughs, in all probability, was non trying to make any kind of statement or echo any of them. "He probably never heard of any of them." Instead, Bederman writes that Burroughs proves her point because, in telling racist and sexist stories whose protagonist boasted of killing blackness people, he was not beingness unusual at all, but was instead just beingness a typical 1912 White American.

Race [edit]

The Tarzan books and movies utilize extensive stereotyping. With changing social views and customs this has led to criticism, including charges of racism since the early 1970s.[fourteen] The early books give a pervasively negative and stereotypical portrayal of native Africans, including Arabs. In The Return of Tarzan, Arabs are "surly looking" and call Christians "dogs", while blackness Africans are "lithe, ebon warriors, gesticulating and jabbering".

In regards to race, a superior–junior relationship with valuation is unsaid in virtually all interactions between white and black people in the Tarzan stories, and similar relationships and valuations tin be seen in most other interactions between differing people. According to James Loewen'due south Sundown Towns, this may be a vestige of Burroughs' having been from Oak Park, Illinois, a former Sundown town (a town that forbids non-white people from living within it).[ citation needed ]

Tarzan is a white European male who grows upwardly with apes. According to "Taking Tarzan Seriously" by Marianna Torgovnick, Tarzan is confused with the social hierarchy that he is a part of. Unlike everyone else in his club, Tarzan is the merely one who is not clearly part of any social group. All the other members of his earth are not able to climb or reject socially because they are already role of a social hierarchy which is brackish. Turgovnick writes that since Tarzan was raised as an ape, he thinks and acts like an ape. Yet, instinctively he is man and he resorts to existence human when he is pushed to. The reason of his confusion is that he does not understand what the typical white male is supposed to act like. His instincts eventually kick in when he is in the midst of this confusion, and he ends up dominating the jungle. In Tarzan, the jungle is a microcosm for the world in full general in 1912 to the early 1930s. His climbing of the social hierarchy proves that the European white male is the most ascendant of all races/sexes, no matter what the circumstance. Furthermore, Turgovnick writes that when Tarzan first meets Jane, she is slightly repulsed but likewise fascinated by his fauna-similar deportment. As the story progresses, Tarzan surrenders his knife to Jane in an oddly chivalrous gesture, which makes Jane fall for Tarzan despite his odd circumstances. Turgovnick believes that this displays an instinctual, civilized chivalry that Burrough believes is mutual in white men.[fifteen] [16]

Gender dynamic [edit]

Burroughs' opinions, manifested through the narrative vocalism in the stories, reflect common attitudes in his time, which in a 21st-century context would be considered racist and sexist.

Although the grapheme of Tarzan does not directly engage in violence confronting women, feminist scholars have critiqued the presence of other sympathetic male characters who do so with Tarzan'south approval.[17] In Tarzan and the Emmet Men, the men of a fictional tribe of creatures called the Alali proceeds social dominance of their society by beating Alali women into submission with weapons that Tarzan willingly provides them.[17] Following the battle, Burroughs (p. 178) states:[17]

To entertain Tarzan and to show him what great strides civilization had taken—the son of The Get-go Woman seized a female by the hair and dragging her to him struck her heavily almost the head and face with his clenched fist, and the adult female fell upon her knees and fondled his legs, looking wistfully into his face, her own glowing with love and admiration.

While Burroughs depicts some female characters with humanistic equalizing elements, Torgovnick argues that violent scenes against women in the context of male political and social domination are condoned in his writing, reinforcing a notion of gendered hierarchy where patriarchy is portrayed as the natural elevation of gild.[17]

Tarzan in other media [edit]

Film [edit]

The first Tarzan films were silent pictures adjusted from the original Tarzan novels, which appeared within a few years of the character's creation. The first histrion to portray the developed Tarzan was Elmo Lincoln in 1918's pic Tarzan of the Apes. With the advent of talking pictures, a popular Tarzan film franchise was developed, lasting from the 1930s through the 1960s. Starting with Tarzan the Ape Homo in 1932 through twelve films until 1948, the franchise was anchored past one-time Olympic swimmer Johnny Weissmuller in the championship role. Tarzan films from the 1930s on often featured Tarzan's chimpanzee companion Cheeta, his consort Jane (non normally given a last name), and an adopted son, unremarkably known simply as "Boy." Nevertheless, productions by Sy Weintraub from 1959 onward dropped the character of Jane and portrayed Tarzan every bit a lone adventurer. Later Tarzan films take been occasional and somewhat idiosyncratic.

In that location were also several serials and features that competed with the primary franchise, including Tarzan the Fearless (1933) starring Buster Crabbe and The New Adventures of Tarzan (1935) starring Herman Brix. The latter serial was unique for its period in that it was partially filmed on location (Guatemala) and portrayed Tarzan as educated. It was the only Tarzan film project for which Burroughs was personally involved in the production.

Weissmuller and his immediate successors were enjoined to portray the ape-human being as a noble savage speaking broken English, in marked contrast to the cultured aristocrat of Edgar Rice Burroughs' novels (the pidgin English being more than linguistically plausible). With the exception of Burroughs' co-produced The New Adventures of Tarzan, this "me Tarzan, you Jane" characterization of Tarzan persisted until the late 1950s, when Weintraub, having bought the film rights from producer Sol Bottom, produced Tarzan's Greatest Hazard (1959) followed by viii other films and a television receiver serial. The Weintraub productions portray a Tarzan that is closer to Burroughs' original concept in the novels: a jungle lord who speaks grammatical English and is well educated and familiar with culture. Nearly Tarzan films made before the mid-1950s were black-and-white films shot on studio sets, with stock jungle footage edited in. The Weintraub productions from 1959 on were shot in strange locations and were in color.

More recently, Tarzan, the Ape Homo, starring Miles O'Keeffe and Bo Derek, was released in 1981. Tony Goldwyn voiced Tarzan in Disney's animated film of the same name, released in 1999. This version marked a new beginning for the ape human, taking its inspiration equally from Burroughs and the 1984 live-action film Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes. Since Greystoke, two additional live-action Tarzan films accept been released, 1998's Tarzan and the Lost City and 2016's The Legend of Tarzan, both period pieces that drew inspiration from Edgar Rice Burroughs' writings.

Radio [edit]

Tarzan was the hero of two popular radio programs in the United States. The first aired from 1932 to 1936 with James Pierce in the role of Tarzan. The second ran from 1951 to 1953 with Lamont Johnson in the championship role.[18]

The Tarzan book series was later modernized and parodied in an authorized 2021 golden-age radio styled podcast programme entitled The Adventures of Tarzan, produced by the Freshly Squeezed Pulp comedy troupe of Knuckles University.[19]

Television [edit]

Fimmel at a microphone

Australian Travis Fimmel (pictured 2015) briefly portrayed Tarzan on television

Television later emerged as a master vehicle bringing the grapheme to the public. From the mid-1950s, all the extant sound Tarzan films became staples of Saturday morning time television aimed at young and teenaged viewers. In 1958, movie Tarzan Gordon Scott filmed 3 episodes for a prospective television series. The programme did not sell, simply a different live action Tarzan series produced by Sy Weintraub and starring Ron Ely ran on NBC from 1966 to 1968. This delineation of Tarzan is a well-educated bachelor who grew tired of urban culture and is in his native African jungle once once more.

Tarzan was voiced past Robert Ridgely and Danton Burroughs[20] in the animated series from Filmation, titled Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1976–1977), every bit well as in the album programs that followed:

  • Batman/Tarzan Gamble Hour (1977–1978);
  • Tarzan and the Super 7 (1978–1980);
  • The Tarzan/Lone Ranger Gamble Hour (1980–1981); and
  • The Tarzan/Lone Ranger/Zorro Hazard Hour (1981–1982).

Joe Lara starred in the championship role in Tarzan in Manhattan (1989), an offbeat Television movie, and later returned in a completely different interpretation, titled Tarzan: The Epic Adventures (1996), a new alive-action series.

In between the two productions with Lara, Tarzán (1991–1994), a one-half-hour syndicated serial in which Tarzan is portrayed as a blond environmentalist, with Jane turned into a French ecologist.

Disney's animated serial The Fable of Tarzan (2001–2003) was a spin-off of the blithe Disney film from 1999.

The latest goggle box series was the short-lived alive-action Tarzan (2003), which starred male model Travis Fimmel and updated the setting to gimmicky New York Urban center, with Jane as a police detective, played by Sarah Wayne Callies. The series was cancelled after only 8 episodes.

Saturday Night Live featured recurring sketches with the spoken communication-dumb trio of "Tonto, Tarzan, and Frankenstein'south Monster". In these sketches, Tarzan is portrayed by Kevin Nealon.

Phase [edit]

  • A 1921 Broadway production of Tarzan of The Apes starred Ronald Adair as Tarzan and Ethel Dwyer as Jane Porter.
  • In 1976, Richard O'Brien wrote a musical entitled T. Zee, loosely based on Tarzan simply restyled in a rock idiom.
  • Tarzan, a musical stage adaptation of the 1999 animated feature, opened at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on Broadway on May ten, 2006, and closed on July 8, 2007.
  • The show, a Disney Theatrical production, was directed and designed past Bob Crowley. The aforementioned version of Tarzan that was played at the Richard Rodgers Theatre is being played throughout Europe and has been a huge success in kingdom of the netherlands.
  • Tarzan likewise appeared in the Tarzan Rocks! bear witness at the Theatre in the Wild at Walt Disney World Resort's Disney'due south Animate being Kingdom. Although the show closed in 2006, Tarzan, Jane Porter and Terk remain popular meetable characters at the Disney Parks and Resorts, and tin be establish in Adventureland, and at Disney's Creature Kingdom.

Video games [edit]

  • A game under the title Tarzan Goes Ape, with little connectedness to the franchise, was released in the 1980s for the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum.
  • A Tarzan computer game past Michael Archer was produced past Martech.
  • Disney's Tarzan had seen video games released for the PlayStation, Nintendo 64 and Game Boy Color. Followed by:
    • Disney's Tarzan Untamed for the PlayStation ii (PS2) and Gamecube
    • Disney's Tarzan: Return to the Jungle for the Game Boy Advance.
  • The Disney incarnation of Tarzan appears in the PS2 game Kingdom Hearts, with Goldwyn reprising his role from the film.
  • In the first Rayman, a Tarzanesque version of Rayman named Tarayzan appears in the Dream Forest.

Toys and ephemera [edit]

Throughout the 1970s Mego Corporation licensed the Tarzan character and produced viii" action figures which they included in their "World'due south Greatest Super Heroes" line of characters. In 1975 they also produced a iii" "Bendy" effigy made of poseable, malleable plastic.

Several Tarzan-themed products have been manufactured, including View-Master reels and packets, numerous Tarzan coloring books, children's books, follow-the-dots, and activity books.

Comics [edit]

Tarzan of the Apes was adapted in newspaper-strip form in early 1929, with illustrations past Hal Foster. A full-page Sun strip began March 15, 1931, past Rex Maxon. Over the years, many artists have drawn the Tarzan comic strip, notably Burne Hogarth, Russ Manning, and Mike Grell. The daily strip began to reprint old dailies after Manning's final daily (#10,308; publ. July 29, 1972). The Sunday strip also turned to reprints c.  2000. Both strips continue as reprints today in a few newspapers and in Comics Revue magazine. NBM Publishing did a high quality reprint series of the Foster and Hogarth work on Tarzan in a series of hardback and paperback reprints in the 1990s.

Tarzan has appeared in many comic books from numerous publishers over the years. The character's earliest comic book appearances were in comic strip reprints published in several titles, such as Sparkler, Tip Tiptop Comics and Single Series. Western Publishing published Tarzan in Dell Comics's 4 Color Comics #134 & 161 in 1947, before giving him his own series, Tarzan, published through Dell Comics and subsequently Gold Key Comics from January–February 1948 to February 1972; many of these problems adapted Burroughs' novels.

DC took over the series in 1972, publishing Tarzan #207–258 from April 1972 to February 1977, including work by Joe Kubert. In 1977, the series moved to Marvel Comics, who restarted the numbering rather than assuming those of the previous publishers. Curiosity issued Tarzan #1–29 (also as iii Annualdue south), from June 1977 to October 1979, mainly past John Buscema.

Post-obit the conclusion of the Marvel series the character had no regular comic-book publisher for a number of years. During this menstruum, Blackthorne Comics published Tarzan in 1986, and Malibu Comics published Tarzan comics in 1992. Dark Horse Comics has published diverse Tarzan series from 1996 to the present, including reprints of works from previous publishers like Gold Cardinal and DC, and joint projects with other publishers featuring crossovers with other characters.

There have also been a number of different comic book projects from other publishers over the years, in improver to various minor appearances of Tarzan in other comic books. The Japanese manga series Jungle no Ouja Ta-chan (Jungle Rex Tar-chan) by Tokuhiro Masaya was based loosely on Tarzan. Also, manga "god" Osamu Tezuka created a Tarzan manga in 1948 entitled Tarzan no Himitsu Kichi (Tarzan's Underground Base of operations).

Cultural influence [edit]

Science [edit]

The chameleon on a branch

Calumma tarzan in Republic of madagascar

Tarzan's primitivist philosophy was captivated by endless fans, among whom was Jane Goodall, who describes the Tarzan serial equally having a major influence on her childhood. She states that she felt she would exist a much better spouse for Tarzan than his fictional wife, Jane, and that when she first began to live among and study the chimpanzees she was fulfilling her childhood dream of living among the bang-up apes just as Tarzan did.[21]

Tarzan is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of chameleon, Calumma tarzan, which is endemic to Madagascar.[22]

Literature [edit]

Mowgli reclining, surrounded by monkeys

Rudyard Kipling's Mowgli was a probable influence on Tarzan, including his ease with non-homo primates

Rudyard Kipling'due south Mowgli has been cited as a major influence on Burroughs' creation of Tarzan. Mowgli was also an influence for a number of other "wild boy" characters.

Jerry Siegel named Tarzan and another Burroughs graphic symbol, John Carter, as early inspiration for his creation of Superman.[23]

Tarzan's popularity inspired numerous imitators in lurid magazines. A number of these, like Kwa and Ka-Zar were straight or loosely veiled copies; others, like Polaris of the Snows, were like characters in different settings, or with different gimmicks. Of these characters the most pop was Ki-Gor, the subject of 59 novels that appeared between winter 1939 to spring 1954 in the magazine Jungle Stories.[24]

Popular culture [edit]

Tarzan is often used as a nickname to betoken a similarity between a person's characteristics and that of the fictional character. Individuals with an exceptional 'ape-like' ability to climb, cling and jump across that of ordinary humans may ofttimes receive the nickname 'Tarzan'.[25] An example is retired American baseball player Joe Wallis.[26]

Comedian Ballad Burnett was oftentimes prompted by her audiences to perform her trademark Tarzan yell. She explained that it originated in her youth when she and a friend watched a Tarzan motion-picture show.[27]

Tarzan and Pellucidar main series chronology [edit]

  1. Tarzan of the Apes, Chapters one to 11 (1912)[a] [b]
  2. Jungle Tales of Tarzan (1919)[c] [d]
    • "Tarzan's Get-go Love" (1916)
    • "The Capture of Tarzan" (1916)
    • "The Fight for the Balu" (1916)
    • "The God of Tarzan" (1916)
    • "Tarzan and the Blackness Boy" (1917)
    • "The Witch-Doctor Seeks Vengeance" (1917)
    • "The End of Bukawai" (1917)
    • "The Lion" (1917)
    • "The Nightmare" (1917)
    • "The Battle for Teeka" (1917)
    • "A Jungle Joke" (1917)
    • "Tarzan Rescues the Moon" (1917)
  3. Tarzan of the Apes, Capacity 11 to 28 (1912)[a] [b]
  4. The Return of Tarzan (1913)[e] [f]
  5. The Beasts of Tarzan (1914) (Ebook) (Audiobook)
  6. At the Earth's Cadre (1914)
  7. The Son of Tarzan, Chapters i to 12 (1915) (Ebook) (Audiobook)
  8. Pellucidar (1915)
  9. Tarzan and the Forbidden Urban center (1938) (Ebook)
  10. Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar (1916) (Ebook) (Audiobook)
  11. The Son of Tarzan Capacity 13 to 27 (1915) (Ebook) (Audiobook)
  12. "The Eternal Lover" (The Eternal Lover Part ane) All-Story Weekly, March 7, 1914
  13. "The Mad King" (The Mad King Part 1) All-Story Weekly March 21, 1914
  14. "Sweetheart Earliest" (The Eternal Lover Part two) All-Story Weekly, January.–Feb. 1915
  15. "Barney Custer of Beatrice" (The Mad Rex Part 2) All-Story Weekly, August 1915
  16. Tarzan the Untamed (1920) (Ebook)
    • "Tarzan and the Huns" (1919)
    • "Tarzan and the Valley of Luna" (1920)
  17. Tarzan the Terrible (1921) (Ebook) (Audiobook)
  18. Tarzan and the Aureate Lion (1922, 1923) (Ebook)
  19. Tarzan and the Emmet Men (1924) (Ebook)
  20. Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins (1963; for younger readers)
    • "The Tarzan Twins" (1927) (Ebook)
    • "Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins and Jad-Bal-Ja the Golden Lion" (1936) (Ebook)
  21. Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1927, 1928) (Ebook)
  22. Tarzan and the Lost Empire (1928) (Ebook)
  23. Tanar of Pellucidar (1929)
  24. Tarzan at the Earth's Core (1929) (Ebook)
  25. Tarzan the Invincible (1930, 1931) (Ebook)
  26. Tarzan Triumphant (1931) (Ebook)
  27. Tarzan and the City of Aureate (1932) (Ebook)
  28. Tarzan and the Lion Man (1933, 1934) (Ebook)
  29. Tarzan and the Leopard Men (1935) (Ebook)
  30. Tarzan'due south Quest (1935, 1936) (Ebook)
  31. Tarzan the Magnificent (1939) (Ebook)
    • "Tarzan and the Magic Men" (1936)
  32. Back to the Stone Age (1937)
  33. Tarzan and the Elephant Men" (1937–1938)
  34. Tarzan and the Champion" (1940)
  35. Tarzan and the Jungle Murders" (1940)
  36. Tarzan and the Madman (1964)
  37. Tarzan and the Castaways (1941) (Ebook)
  38. State of Terror (1944)
  39. Tarzan and the Foreign Legion (1947) (Ebook)
  40. Cruel Pellucidar (1963)
    • "The Return to Pellucidar"
    • "Men of the Bronze Historic period"
    • "Tiger Girl"
    • "Cruel Pellucidar"
  41. Tarzan: the Lost Risk (c. 1940s; unfinished – 16 chapters, 83 pages; revised and completed by Joe R. Lansdale, 1995)

Bibliography [edit]

Bookplate of Edgar Rice Burroughs, showing Tarzan belongings the planet Mars, surrounded past other characters from Burroughs' stories. Circa 1918, designed by Studley Oldham Burroughs, the author's nephew[28]

By Edgar Rice Burroughs [edit]

  1. Tarzan of the Apes (1912)[a] [b]
  2. The Return of Tarzan (1913)[east] [f]
  3. The Beasts of Tarzan (1914) (Ebook) (Audiobook)
  4. The Son of Tarzan (1915) (Ebook) (Audiobook)
  5. Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar (1916) (Ebook) (Audiobook)
  6. Jungle Tales of Tarzan (1919)[c] [d]
    • "Tarzan's First Love" (1916)
    • "The Capture of Tarzan" (1916)
    • "The Fight for the Balu" (1916)
    • "The God of Tarzan" (1916)
    • "Tarzan and the Black Boy" (1917)
    • "The Witch-Doctor Seeks Vengeance" (1917)
    • "The Cease of Bukawai" (1917)
    • "The Panthera leo" (1917)
    • "The Nightmare" (1917)
    • "The Battle for Teeka" (1917)
    • "A Jungle Joke" (1917)
    • "Tarzan Rescues the Moon" (1917)
  7. Tarzan the Untamed (1920) (Ebook)
    • "Tarzan and the Huns" (1919)
    • "Tarzan and the Valley of Luna" (1920)
  8. Tarzan the Terrible (1921) (Ebook) (Audiobook)
  9. Tarzan and the Gold Lion (1922, 1923) (Ebook)
  10. Tarzan and the Ant Men (1924) (Ebook)
  11. Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1927, 1928) (Ebook)
  12. Tarzan and the Lost Empire (1928) (Ebook)
  13. Tarzan at the Earth's Core (1929) (Ebook)
  14. Tarzan the Invincible (1930, 1931) (Ebook)
  15. Tarzan Triumphant (1931) (Ebook)
  16. Tarzan and the City of Gold (1932) (Ebook)
  17. Tarzan and the Lion Man (1933, 1934) (Ebook)
  18. Tarzan and the Leopard Men (1935) (Ebook)
  19. Tarzan'southward Quest (1935, 1936) (Ebook)
  20. Tarzan and the Forbidden City (1938) (Ebook)
  21. Tarzan the Magnificent (1939) (Ebook)
    • "Tarzan and the Magic Men" (1936)
    • "Tarzan and the Elephant Men" (1937–1938)
  22. Tarzan and the Foreign Legion (1947) (Ebook)
  23. Tarzan and the Madman (1964)
  24. Tarzan and the Castaways (1965)
    • "Tarzan and the Castaways" (1941) (Ebook)
    • "Tarzan and the Champion" (1940)
    • "Tarzan and the Jungle Murders" (1940)
  25. Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins (1963, for younger readers)
    • "The Tarzan Twins" (1927) (Ebook)
    • "Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins and Jad-Bal-Ja the Golden Lion" (1936) (Ebook)
  26. Tarzan: the Lost Adventure (unfinished) (revised and completed past Joe R. Lansdale) (1995)

By other authors [edit]

  • Barton Werper – these novels were never authorized by the Burroughs estate, were taken off the market and remaining copies destroyed.
    1. Tarzan and the Silvery Earth (1964)
    2. Tarzan and the Cave Urban center (1964)
    3. Tarzan and the Snake People (1964)
    4. Tarzan and the Abominable Snowmen (1965)
    5. Tarzan and the Winged Invaders (1965)
  • Fritz Leiber – the first novel authorized past the Burroughs estate, and numbered as the 25th book in the Tarzan serial.
    • Tarzan and the Valley of Aureate (1966)
  • Philip José Farmer (besides wrote a novel based on his ain fascination with Tarzan, entitled Lord Tyger, and translated the novel Tarzan of the Apes into Esperanto).
    • Tarzan Alive (1972) a fictional biography of Tarzan (here Lord Greystoke), which is ane of the two foundational books (along with Medico Vicious: His Apocalyptic Life) of the Wold Newton family.
    • The Adventure of the Peerless Peer (1974) Sherlock Holmes goes to Africa and meets Tarzan.
    • The Night Heart of Time (1999) this novel was specifically authorized by the Burroughs estate, and references Tarzan past proper name rather than just past inference. The story is set between Tarzan the Untamed and Tarzan the Terrible.
  • R. A. Salvatore
    • Tarzan: The Epic Adventures (1996) an authorized novel based on the pilot episode of the series of the same name.
  • Nigel Cox
    • Tarzan Presley (2004) This novel combines aspects of Tarzan and Elvis Presley into a single character named Tarzan Presley, within New Zealand and American settings. Upon its release, it was subject to legal action in the United States, and has not been reprinted since its initial publication.
New Tarzan

Publisher Faber and Faber with the backing of the Edgar Rice Burroughs, Incorporated, accept updated the series through author Andy Briggs. In 2011, Briggs published the beginning of the books Tarzan: The Greystoke Legacy. In 2012 he published the 2nd book Tarzan: The Jungle Warrior, and in 2013, he has published the third book Tarzan: The Savage Lands.

See also [edit]

  • Ape
  • Enkidu
  • Feral child
  • Mowgli
  • Jungle girl - fictional characters, female versions of Tarzan
  • Rima, a jungle girl character who predates Tarzan

References [edit]

  1. ^ In Burroughs, Edgar Rice (1914). "Affiliate XXV". Tarzan of the Apes. Somehow, fifty-fifty confronting all reason, I seem to see him a grown man, taking his father'due south identify in the earth—the 2d John Clayton—and bringing added honors to the house of Greystoke.
  2. ^ Burroughs, Edgar Rice (1928). Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle.
  3. ^ Greystoke: The Fable of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes. Warner Bros. 1984.
  4. ^ "History of Tarzan". Tarzan.org. p. two. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  5. ^ Clute, John, and Peter Nicholls. 1993. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. St. Martin'southward Press. ISBN 0-312-09618-six. p. 178: "Tarzan is a remarkable cosmos, and possibly the best-known fictional character of the century."
  6. ^ Bederman, Gail. 1995. Manliness and Civilisation: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United states, 1880–1917. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 219.
  7. ^ Clute, John, and Peter Nicholls. 1993. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. St. Martin'southward Press. ISBN 0-312-09618-6. p. 178: "Information technology has oft been said that ERB'southward works have small-scale literary or intellectual merit. Nonetheless,...because ERB had a genius for the literalization of the dream, they accept endured."
  8. ^ "Tarzan Revisited" past Gore Vidal.
  9. ^ Erling B. Holtsmark, Tarzan and Tradition: Classical Myth in Pop Literature, Greenwood Press, 1981.
  10. ^ Erling B. Holtsmark, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Twayne's United states of america Author Serial, Twayne Publishers, 1986.
  11. ^ Galloway, Stan. 2010. The Teenage Tarzan: A Literary Analysis of Edgar Rice Burroughs' Jungle Tales of Tarzan. McFarland.
  12. ^ "Bozarth, David Bruce. "Ape-English language Lexicon"". Erblist.com. Retrieved May xxx, 2013.
  13. ^ Werper, Barton
  14. ^ Rothschild, Bertram (1999). "Tarzan – Review". Humanist.
  15. ^ Gail Bederman,Manliness and Civilisation: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917, Academy of Chicago Press, 1995, pages 224–232.
  16. ^ Turgovnick, Mariana "Taking Tarzan Seriously" from Gone Archaic, University of Chicago Printing 1990 [Ch 2 pp.42–72]
  17. ^ a b c d Torgovnick, Mariana (1990). Gone Primitive . University of Chicago press. pp. 42–72. ISBN978-0226808321.
  18. ^ Barrett, Robert R. 1999. Tarzan on Radio. Radio Spirits.
  19. ^ "Announcing The Adventures of Tarzan Audio Drama". Retrieved April 6, 2022.
  20. ^ "The Animated Tarzan". cartoonresearch.com . Retrieved June twenty, 2021.
  21. ^ "Jane Goodall." Encyclopædia Britannica. [1998] 2020.
  22. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Academy Press. 13 + 296 pp. ISBN 978-i-4214-0135-v. ("Tarzan", pp. 260–261).
  23. ^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on Oct 24, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as championship (link)
  24. ^ Hutchison, Don (2007). The Great Pulp Heroes. Book Republic Press. p. 195. ISBN978-ane-58042-184-3.
  25. ^ [1] [ dead link ]
  26. ^ Markusen, Bruce (August 14, 2009). "Cooperstown Confidential: Tarzan Joe Wallis". Hardballtimes.com. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  27. ^ King, Larry (April 17, 2013). "Larry Male monarch interviews Ballad Burnett". Hulu.com. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  28. ^ "Letter by E. R. Burroughs". Exlibris-art.com. Feb 4, 1922. Retrieved May 30, 2013.

Main sources [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Burroughs, Edgar Rice. [1912] 2012. Tarzan of the Apes. Washington, DC: Project Gutenberg.
  2. ^ a b c Burroughs, Edgar Rice. [1912] 2007. Tarzan of the Apes (audiobook), read by Marking F. Smith. LibriVox.
  3. ^ a b Burroughs, Edgar Rice. [1919] 2012. Jungle Tales of Tarzan. Washington, DC: Project Gutenberg.
  4. ^ a b Burroughs, Edgar Rice. [1919] 2009. Jungle Tales of Tarzan (audiobook), read by Ralph Snelson. LibriVox.
  5. ^ a b Burroughs, Edgar Rice. [1913] 2012. The Render of Tarzan. Washington, DC: Project Gutenberg.
  6. ^ a b Burroughs, Edgar Rice. [1913] 2009. The Return of Tarzan (audiobook), read past Ralph Snelson. LibriVox.

Further reading [edit]

  • Egan, Sean. 2017. Tarzan: The Biography. London: Askill Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9545750-7-6.
  • Wannamaker, Annette, and Michelle Ann Abate, eds. 2012. Global Perspectives on Tarzan: From Male monarch of the Jungle to International Icon. 216 pages. (Includes studies by scholars from the The states, Commonwealth of australia, Canada, Israel, the Netherlands, Germany, and French republic.)

External links [edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Edgar Rice Burroughs tribute
  • A collection of public domain entries in the series as eBooks at Standard Ebooks
  • Tarzan eBooks by Project Gutenberg
  • Empire mag Tarzan centenary feature
  • For an appraisal of Tarzan films in movies vs films section.
  • Works by or about ERB at the HathiTrust

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan

Posted by: tedescobutibill79.blogspot.com

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