What Traits Do All Animals Have In Common?

Human being Universals: Traits All Humans Share

Human evolution has produced a remarkable set up of common characteristics, which is what makes us human. Some are physical, similar the skeleton for walking upright, a vocal tract for speech, and dexterity for tool use. We share a mutual set of emotions and the chapters for cocky-awareness, abstract thinking, knowing right from wrong, and doing complicated math. All are examples of the hundreds of traits shared past all human beings in the world today.

The process of human adaptation is the simultaneous development of all the following distinctly human characteristics, in a positive feedback loop. The effects of the loop have continuously increased the difference betwixt our nearest ancestors and the states.

Bipedalism: Standing Up and Walking

Bipedal Lucy dates from about 3.75 one thousand thousand years ago.

Human being beings are bipedal—that is, we walk on two feet instead of on all fours. Chimps and gorillas can stand upright at times, just when they move they typically practice so on all fours. A fossil skeleton called Lucy is the earliest antecedent found to date whose basic show that she walked on two legs. Lucy is about three.75 1000000 years old, about one million years older than the use of tools.

Bipedal walking and running enabled united states to cover greater distances over time than any other animal. Almost all other animals alive their lives in the environment in which they are built-in. Our ancestors more than readily travelled into unexplored territories and thus triggered several adaptive advantages for u.s. over other animals:

A standing brute can see farther than it can smell, then a more sophisticated visual arrangement needed to develop along with our upright posture. Our ancestors thus were able to spot approaching danger every bit well as opportunities from farther away.

Hands were freed from weight-begetting responsibilities, making tool employ possible.

Erect posture too led to profound changes in human sexuality and in our social systems.

Immaturity and its Consequences

Female human pelvis os.

With the freeing of the front limbs, the hind limbs had to adapt to begetting the unabridged weight of the trunk. The human back was not originally "designed" to support an upright posture (which partially explains why dorsum pains are a common complaint). To support the boosted weight, the human pelvis grew thicker than that of the great apes, which made the female'due south birth culvert, the opening through which infants are born, much smaller.

While the birth canal was becoming smaller, however, the fetus'southward encephalon and head were growing larger. If there had been no evolutionary correction for this, the human species would have died out; the solution was to accept human babies born very early in their evolution.

Human children take the longest infancy in the animal kingdom. They are non as competent and independent as babe chimps or baboons. Within a day, baby baboons can hold onto their mothers by themselves. The man kid is helpless and volition die if not cared for during the first few years of its life.

At birth a chimp's brain is virtually 45 pct of its developed weight, while a human babe's brain is 25 percent of its developed weight. This means that the major portion of the human encephalon'southward evolution occurs outside the womb, and the environment plays a much greater role in it than in whatsoever other animal'due south encephalon evolution. Considering the environment nosotros are borne into differs for each person, the specific abilities that each of usa develops differ considerably.

The Mother-Male parent-Infant Human relationship

A helpless babe requires at to the lowest degree one caregiving parent to survive. In other species, a newborn can fend for itself within a relatively short time, and the mother can almost immediately resume her place in the group, providing her immature with food and protection. Merely taking care of a human babe is a full-time task. For nigh of human history, taking care of the infant has been the female parent's job. In subsistence societies, like hunter-gatherers, parents working together as a team were meliorate able to become plenty food than a nursing mother alone. The father can chase for meat and bring it habitation to the female parent, who stays close to dwelling house gathering fruits and vegetables. Human being fathers take an agile role in feeding their young.

Dexterity and Tool Use

Once the early humans walked, and the forelimbs were freed from their weight-bearing function, the limbs developed into hands with keen dexterity, capable of more than precise movements such as those needed for fashioning and using specialized tools.

Homo ancestors began to make tools as early on as 3 million years ago. Specialized tools for chopping, earthworks, killing, cooking, washing, and skinning led to specialized labor past those who used them. Some people gathered wood or nuts, others dug for roots, however others hunted and killed animals. Axes fabricated the hunt more than efficient; choppers and scrapers could be used to butcher a large beast at the impale. At home, tools helped scrape the nutritious marrow out of the bones; animate being hides could be scraped to make warm wear.

The growing sophistication of human stone implements, and of their manufacture, is illustrated here. Each wedge symbol represents a blow struck in making the tool and the clusters of symbols stand for the unlike operations during industry.
—Campbell, 1979

I marker of improved dexterity is the modification in the tools themselves. Those made past Man erectus about ane one thousand thousand years agone took 35 blows to brand. The knives of Cro-Magnon, made about 20,000 years ago, were more delicately fashioned, requiring at least 250 separate blows. About 5000 BCE, human being beings began to extract and use metals. This advanced technology created the need for more than specialized labor. Specialization led inevitably to greater interdependence amidst individuals.

The Brain

Pivotal to man accommodation is our large brain, which has evolved faster than any other human organ. It took hundreds of millions of years to develop the 400 cc. brain of Australopithecus, nonetheless in only a few meg years the homo brain had grown to 1250-1500 cc. and had adult the chapters for abstruse idea. Our encephalon helped united states adapt to every kind of geography and climate, and information technology enables united states still today to transcend our biological inheritance. The encephalon underlies mental life: to larn, to create, to invent, to remember and say things no ane has ever idea. It is the largest brain, relative to body size, of all land mammals, simply the size is not what matters.

What is crucial is where the brain expanded. Although the anatomy of much of our encephalon is identical with that of other primates, our cognitive cortex, the uppermost part of the brain, is the largest and near elaborate of all primates. The cortex is the expanse of the brain associated with college brain function. It is divided into four sections or "lobes". The frontal lobe is associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and trouble solving; the parietal lobe is associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli; the occipital lobe is concerned with visual processing and the temporal lobe with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and spoken communication.

Those areas of the brain that command fine motor movements (enabling nonhuman primates to swing through copse and grasp tightly onto branches) became further adult once we came down from the trees. Our early ancestors used these fine motor movement skills to brand tools and to utilise them.   And these fine movements are the aforementioned ones involved in language. The increasing size of the cerebral cortex thus gave our ancestors bully advantages—from control of frail muscle movements to the development of speech and written language.

Language

A necessary function of human culture is language, a grade of symbolic advice of external activity and internal idea that has a structure of sound, gesture, meaning and logic which is like in all other languages. It contains a classification system and allows humans to speak and retrieve in abstractions. Thus we tin plan for the time to come or brand conjectures about something or someone not present. The subtleties of language include manipulation of others, lying, humour, gossip, insults, metaphor, and poetry.

Personhood: Self Consciousness

Another important feature is personhood, which includes a responsible cocky as distinguished from others that understands intentionality and the difference betwixt correct and wrong. Disharmonize is familiar to the groups, who have customary ways of handling it and are aware of what belongs to them and what belongs to others. They are moved by sexual allure and at times disturbed by sexual jealousy. They know that other people have an inner life just as they do and feel emotional pain and other kinds of emotions in the same way.

Social Beings

Humans are not alone beings just live most of our lives in groups or connected to groups of which firsthand family unit and other kin are the nearly important. In addition, we accept a social construction with leaders, laws, politics, division of labor, cultural norms, and religious beliefs. Our "cognitive load," the mental capacity for managing information, appears to limit our social relationships to about 150 people, a number established past Robin Dunbar and known every bit "Dunbar's number." This is past far the largest social network of any animal, and almost three times larger than that of our nearest hominid relative, the chimpanzee.

Emotions

Homo beings all over the world share the aforementioned basic emotions which are: sadness, anger, disgust, fright, surprise and happiness. Different cultural display rules, such as whether one tin cry in public or show surprise or digust in different situations, account for dissimilar ways that emotions appear.

Color Vision

We all see a spectrum of colors. About animals don't see colors at all. Yet, color vision isn't strictly limited to man beings, as the great apes besides have it, although information technology isn't articulate if it is as good as ours.

Numerical Ability

While the bang-up apes can do rudimentary counting, human beings obviously have a common number sense. In primitive societies it is limited to the concept of "1, 2 … and many"; but all human beings can learn to practise mathematics, although information technology is difficult for some. Complex counting in primitive societies is oft done by matching, for instance using stones to correspond the number of domestic animals in a group at the beginning of a mean solar day and so checking the number of animals confronting the stones in the evening.

Source: https://humanjourney.us/discovering-our-distant-ancestors-section/traits-all-humans-share/

Posted by: tedescobutibill79.blogspot.com

Share this post